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In the pine forests near Flagstaff, Arizona, a steep canyon severs the rolling plateau. Twenty miles long, 400 feet deep and ¼-mile wide, it was carved by Walnut Creek over a period of 60 million years. Within its winding walls are natural riches - an abundant mix of plants and animals drawn there by water and varied topography. It seems a timeless place.Walls of buff sandstone form the canyon's inner gorge; the rock contours reveal their origins in the wind-scoured dunes of an ancient desert. The limestone ledges of the upper canyon contain delicate marine fossils, remnants of a later sea. Much later, the people of this canyon built their sturdy homes in shallow alcoves along these ledges.
For a brief time, from about 1100 to 1250, the canyon echoed with the rhythmic beat of a stone axe, the voice of an aged storyteller, children laughing on the rocky slopes. Masonry walls hint of this past, of a time when 100 or more people made their homes and livings here. These people well understood the gifts of the natural world. Deer, bighorn sheep, other wild game, and wild plants supplemented the corn, beans, and squash grown in fields on the canyon rim. Water flowed intermittently on the canyon floor, providing the lifeblood of the community. Shaded pools in the bottom held precious water between rains. In spring, silty snowmelt rumbled through the narrow passage.
Today the canyon resonates with birdsong. Jays yammer, solitaires peep, and canyon wrens whistle their musical songs. There have been changes, but the canyon remains. So does the diversity of plants and animals that sustained a human community.
As a national monument, Walnut Canyon now serves as sanctuary for a larger community. Six miles of the canyon's length are protected within the monument's 3600 acres. For thousands of people every year, Walnut Canyon offers the perfect opportunity to admire nature and to learn from the past. With continued protection, and cooperation from visitors, this intimate canyon will educate and inspire for years to come.
Total size: 3,579 acres
Location:
Walnut Canyon National Monument is 10 miles east of downtown Flagstaff.
Historical Facts:
Cliff dwellings in teardrop-shaped Walnut Canyon were built between 1125 and 1250 A.D. by the Sinagua (Spanish for "without water"). The Sinagua probably were preceded by nomadic people who crossed the Southwest thousands of years ago. Sinagua appearing before 600 A.D. lived in one-room pithouses and dry-farmed corn and other crops. After Sunset Volcano erupted (1064-65 A.D.), the women of Sinagua built single-story cliff dwellings under the canyon's limestone overhangs. The canyon rims were their main farmlands, although they relied on edible wild plants as much as cultivated crops. Walnut Creek probably did not flow year-round. The Sinagua lived here about 100 years, then departed for unknown reasons. It is believed that they were assimilated into Hopi culture. In the 1880s, the railroads brought souvenir hunters who destroyed some dwellings and took artifacts.
Designation Date: November 30, 1915, by President Woodrow Wilson.
Watch the clip
Walnut Canyon was home to the Sinagua Indians, Spanish for "without water." They occupied the high desert side of the canyon with a southern exposure.
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Learn more:
Walnut Canyon Educational Information/NPS
Walnut Canyon Accessibility/NPS
Walnut Canyon Nature and Science/NPS
Walnut Canyon Plan Your Visit/NPS
Managing Agency:
National Park Service
Flagstaff Area National Monuments - WACA
6400 N. Hwy 89
Flagstaff, AZ 86004
Visitor Information
(928) 526-3367
